World War I The Treaty Of Versailles - 2323 Words

World War I was a horrific experience for all of those involved because of the extremely high casualty rates. It was even more devastating for those that found themselves on the losing end of the war, including Germany. Post-war Germany went through a major socialist revolution. One which led to the formation of various communist political systems. Due to the establishment of the Weimar Republic, these politically radical arrangements faltered and dissipated. Soon after its enactment, the Weimar Republic was forced to sign a rigorously binding treaty by the Allied powers. This treaty that was imposed is known as the Treaty of Versailles. Among its ironclad constituents was a clause where Germany was required to accept complete†¦show more content†¦Their intentions included ridding the gaps between religious and social classes, learning how to be the ultimate leader, tolerance of violence against Jews, and discrimination against nations that gained territory at Germanys expense. These sub goals were meant to ensure a â€Å"culture† that depicted Nazism and national pride. Scholars for many years have argued that Nazi propaganda was a sure successor in gaining German support, but recently this argument has been scrutinized. After analyzing many articles and journals, it is clear that the third Reich had failed in their attempts to mobilize public opinion through propaganda. They were unable to mobilize the opinion of multiple social classes that Adolf Hitler was clearly aiming to sway, which results in failure according to his definition of success that will be later analyzed. Scholars including Nicholas O’Shaughnessy argue that the Nazi regime was successful in selling Nazism as the â€Å"Nazi brand† through propaganda. According to O’Shaughnessy, Hitler did not believe that Germany could win the war through military efforts alone, and were required to use propaganda to solicit support and aid in this victory (57). His propaganda was segmented, anti-Semitic, managed, creative, and steeped in manipulation. The propaganda that the Nazi Party propagated was flexible to the extent that they were able to maneuver successfully around any new event that were to surface by creating new arguments related to

A Dolls House Defending Noras Exit - 1112 Words

Elizabeth Horner THE 2300.A02 â€Å"A Doll’s House† Henrik Ibsen The door slam at the end of Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† had been said to echo around the world. Nora leaving her husband was practically unheard of when this play was written in 1879, and it can be argued that this was a catalyst for the women’s rights movement. â€Å"A woman cannot be herself in the society of present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view.† (Ibsen. 426) This was quite a progressive observation from Ibsen himself, it actually sounds more like a quote from the 1960s than the late 1870s. At that time it was more socially accepted†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes, so terribly frightened. Let me practice right now; there’s still time before dinner. Oh, sit down and play for me Torvald. Direct me. Teach me, the way you always have.† (Ibsen. 416) Nora does manipulate Helmer to get what she wants. She uses her power over her husband subtly, as women had to do in throughout time. Only recently have women been able to overtly vocalize what they want out of a relationship or marriage, or chose to marry for themselves. I don’t believe that Nora could not think for herself. She took a loan to help pay for a trip for her and her sick husband. She knew to forge her recently deceased father’s signature to obtain the loan. And she worked in secret from her husband to pay the loan back. She was naà ¯ve to think forgery was not a crime because it was done out of love for her husband, but she did it without thinking she would get caught. She would not have gotten caught if Krogstad didn’t get in his own trouble and proceed to blackmail her. So it makes sense that when she has her anagnorisis and realizes that her husband won’t give her the â€Å"miracle† of forgiving her and that she doesn’t even love him, that she chooses to leave him. The only part that does not make sense to me was that she left her husband and her children. As a mother I would never leave my child. But I was fortunate not to have my daughter until I was 28 years old, and had lived and experien ced much, and had plenty of time for self-discovery and selfishness. I

Difference Between Religion and Spirituality Free Essays

This paper draws from six published works that deal with psychological and scholarly research on religion and spirituality. The works vary in their definitions and use of the concepts and terminology of religion and spirituality. Hood et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Religion and Spirituality or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2009) suggest that that social scientists have traditionally been able to make a distinction between religion and spirituality in their research. However, other psychologists contend that the definitions overlap. Therefore, the conceptual and operational definitions have been inconsistently used. This paper examines Hood et al. 2009) research in relationship to other works to suggest that a definitive definition of religion and spirituality should be developed and agreed upon to advance the science of religion. Keywords: religion, spirituality In order to explore the differences between religion and spirituality one must attempt to define these terms. However, religion and spirituality are complex concepts not easily or definitively definable; at least not universally. Their meanings have changed over the course of time. At times they have been used synonymously. Yet, at other times religion and spirituality are considered distinct concepts having no overlap. A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦. iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/a-study-on-religion-and-the-role-of-it-on-people-and-media/embed/#?secret=K0B3VQCsPT" data-secret="K0B3VQCsPT" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦.#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Furthermore, religion and spirituality are sometimes viewed as if one encompasses the other. It seems to simply be a matter of opinion; who is defining religion, when and for what purpose. To compound this quandary, social Science research suggests that lay people, religious and psychological educators and researchers define religion and spirituality inconsistently. This makes it particularly difficult for the scientific world to even compare research findings on religion and or spirituality. Religion and spirituality are complex and diverse cultural phenomenon. Hood, Hill, and Spilka (2009), stated â€Å"†¦what one person is sure to call religious may be far removed from another person’s understanding, especially when we begin to analyze religion across traditions and cultures† (p. 7). Western societies (especially in the United States) in the not too distant past, typically define religion as an institutionalized set of beliefs and rituals about God that is experienced and or practiced collectively. Conversely, other regions of the world (including eastern Asia) may define religion as encompassing multiple Gods or even no Gods (e. . ungodly supernatural entities) (Hood, et al. , 2009). Hood et al. , (2009) contend that Americans now use the term spirituality in place of religion. Nelson (2009), agrees with Hood et al. , that spirituality has become a synonym for religion. According to Nelson (2009), religion traditionally referred to all aspects of a human’s search for and relationship to a divine or transcendent (something greater than ourselves). Using the terminology of religion and spirituality interchangeably may be common practice but it doesn’t mean that they mean the same things. Like religion, spirituality has been defined in a myriad of ways. In ancient times spirituality was associated with the Hebrew Christian traditions (Ottaway, 2003). Through the 19th century spirituality was often considered to be synonymous with spiritualism. Spiritualism referred to contact with spirits, the supernatural, and psychic phenomena (Nelson, 2009). Hence, spirituality was considered negatively up until the 21st century. According to Nelson (2009), presently â€Å"the term is often used to denote the experiential and personal side of our relationship to the transcendent or sacred† (p. ). Nelson suggests that the people who use this definition tend to view religion as a distinct narrow concept. They typically define religion as â€Å"the organizational structures, practices, and beliefs of a religious group†, (Nelson, 2009, p. 8). The rise in popularity of spirituality in the last two decades has exaggerated the distinction and or lack of distinction between r eligion and spirituality. Whereas, some modern Americans use the terms interchangeably, others (especially those who abhor mainstream religions and all they are associated with) do not. The latter group might prefer to say that they are â€Å"spiritual but not religious†, (Zinnbauer, et al. , 1997). Conversely, people who unknowingly embrace Epstein’s (1993, 1994) Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST) may view spirituality and religion as distinct concepts that are nonetheless related (Hill, 1999). I believe that religion and spirituality can be two distinct concepts but that currently the line between the two is too blurry to be able to distinguish one from the other. One could experience religion without experiencing spirituality (e. g. teenager forced to attend church but merely going through the motions). On the other hand, one could also experience spirituality (e. g. a sense of â€Å"awe† in the presence of nature or enlightenment during meditation) in the absence of religion. Additionally, one could experience both spirituality and religion in the context of the other. For example, one could meditate communally with others in an insti tutional setting (typical of a religious experience) and experience spirituality. Another example is that one could attend church (typical of a religious experience) and meditate individually during the church service. At this point in time, religion and spirituality overlap in a plethora of ways. Each can have a reverence to a God, Gods, or a higher supernatural power or powers. Likewise, religion and spirituality can each have private, public, personal, communal, conscious, unconscious, tangible, intangible, subjective and objective components to them. One difference between spirituality and religion is that â€Å"spirituality does not require an institutional framework†, (Hood, et al, 2009, p. 11). Another difference is that religion does not require communal practices (e. g. an elderly invalid can religiously pray at home). My views on religion and spirituality are that of a layperson and an aspiring psychologist and are indubitably confusing. However, my view doesn’t seem to differ substantially from others (laypersons, religious professionals and scholars, and social science professionals and researchers), as a finite definition for religion or spirituality is nonexistent (Zinnbauer et al. , 2010; Hood et al. , 2009, Nelson, 2009). According to Hood et al. (2009), a traditional distinction exists between religion and spirituality in the research literature, therefore the two terms are not used synonymously. Hood et al. (2009) explains that spirituality is viewed as personal and psychological, while religion is viewed as institutional and sociological. Basically, Hood et al. (2009), contends that religion is steeped in tradition and institution, whereas, spirituality has to do with a person’s personal beliefs, values and behaviors. This definition seems to be consistent with how religion and spirituality were defined between the 19th and 21st centuries. However, it should be noted, that Hood et al. 2009) also, later state that â€Å"in fact it is safe to say that even we three authors of this text do not fully agree with each other about the meaning of these terms† (p. 11). To compound matters, other psychologists suggest that religion and spirituality are used inconsistently in the research literature. Zinnbauer et al, (1997) argue that although social scientists have attempted to define, study, and theorize about religion and spirituality, they have done so inconsistently . â€Å"Still, the ways in which the words are conceptualized an used are often inconsistent in the research literature† (p. 549). According to Bender (2007) religion has been associated with a formal or institutional system and expression of belief and practices that is corporate, public, and conscious in scholarly studies. Conversely, spirituality has been defined as individual, private and unconscious, (Bender, 2007). Due to the inconsistencies in the definitions and use of religion and spirituality a pilot study was conducted to ascertain how religious professionals defined and evaluated religion and spirituality. The 2006 study conducted by Corine Hyman and Paul Handal at Saint Louis University in Missouri included Imans, Ministers, Priests, and Rabbis. These religious experts were asked to conceptually define religion and spirituality and to identify if there were any overlaps between the two. The study findings indicate that there were overlaps between the two concepts. However, religion was defined in a traditional sense of objective, institutional and ritualistic and spirituality was defined as subjective, internal and divine or transcendent (Hyman Handal , 2006). Another study, this time conducted at the Maryland University, attempted to discern how lay people define religion and spirituality and how they make distinctions between the two. The participants in this study consisted of sixty-seven adults aged 61 to 93 who lived in three different retirement communities (Schlehofer, Omoto, A. M. , Adelman, 2008). The research findings indicate that the participants were better able to define religion concretely, than they were able to define spirituality. â€Å"In fact, some participants were not able to define spirituality at all†, (Schlehofer et al. , 2008). The afore mentioned studies illustrate that defining religion and spirituality is an ongoing task and not easily surmountable. This of course, makes the task of operationally defining religion and spirituality even harder. According to Bender (2007), spirituality is typically measured by asking questions about psychological well-being, experience, and self-identification; while religion is measured by questions about activities and doctrine. Although, many operational definitions have been developed and used to measure religion and spirituality, how does one actually know what one is measuring if the thing(s) that one is measuring is not clearly defined? CONCLUSIONS and Future Study: Ergo, in order to try to understand how religion and or spirituality affect all aspects of a person’s life, it is prudent for the scientific community to agree on what it is that they are actually researching. Once, the terms are defined and agreed upon, then they can operationally define each term. Only then, can psychologists more confidently conduct research and analysis to understand the true effects of religion and spirituality and make comparisons about those findings. ReferencesBender, C. (2007). Religion and Spirituality: History, Discourse, Measurement. Retrieved from http://religion.ssrc.org/reforum/Bender.pdf   Hill, P. C. (1999). Giving religion away: What the study of religion offers psychology. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 94(4), 229-249. Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., Spilka, B. (2009). The Psychology of Religion, 2, 7-11. Hyman, C., Handal, P. J. (2006). Definitions and evaluation of religion and spirituality items by religious professionals: A pilot study. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 264-282. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-006-9015-zNelson, J. M. (2009). Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Introduction to Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Retrieved from http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local/img/sfxmenu/dl_logo_1024.png Schlehofer, M. M., Omoto, A. M. and Adelman, J. R. (2008). How do â€Å"religion† and â€Å"spirituality† differ? Lay Defintions among Older Adults. Jo urnal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47: 411-425. Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M.S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T.G., Hipp, K. M., Scott, A. B., Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzing the Fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36 (4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1387689    How to cite Difference Between Religion and Spirituality, Papers

Pepsi Co Annual Report Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

An Annual study is a papers that provides information about a company’s annual activities to the stockholders and the populace. An one-year study is comprised of a missive from the CEO. overview of the company’s merchandises and services. direction treatment and analysis. a statement from the scrutinizing house. and fiscal statements. The ends of an Annual Report are to separate the trade name and reassure the stockholders. Recently. the one-year study has used more artworks. colourss. and easy-to-read charts and subdivision headers to catch the attending of investors. PepsiCo’s 2011 Annual Report uses graphs and statistics to showcase its many billion dollar trade names ; it reiterates the word â€Å"Global† to portray planetary invention. and it displays immature grownups to exemplify their mark consumers so that shareholders invest in their stock. PepsiCo’s billion dollar portfolio is presented through graphs and statistics. PepsiCo’s mega brands such as Pepsi. Lay’s and Mountain Dew have found worldwide celebrity and produced the most net income for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Co Annual Report Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A good part of the universe does non even know that PepsiCo has other merchandises. In its one-year study. PepsiCo promotes the emerging trade names such as Walker’s. Fritos. and Brisk to shareholders by picturing them on a graph exposing universe retail gross revenues with their other merchandises. These three trade names and 19 others have sold over a billion dollars each worldwide in 2011 organizing PepsiCo’s current billion dollar portfolio. PepsiCo displayed this billion dollar graph in its one-year study to demo shareholders that its three megabrands are non the lone merchandises that are successful. By exposing all twenty two merchandises in PepsiCo’s billion dollar portfolio. the company can reassure shareholders that they are non puting in one successful merchandise but several universe renowned trade names. PepsiCo’s one-year study reiterates the word â€Å"Global† to foreground planetary invention. In the missive to stockholders. Chairman and CEO Indra K. Nooyi uses the word â€Å"global† ten times. The one-year study besides headlines two subdivisions toward the beginning of the papers labeled â€Å"Our Global Business† and â€Å"Innovating Globally. † The message that PepsiCo sends forth utilizing this changeless repeat is to widen its merchandises to new and emerging markets. PepsiCo wishes to distribute its bites and drinks globally and make new spirits that will pull and retain clients. PepsiCo’s Annual Report showcases to stockholders how the company is going a planetary human dynamo. bring forthing $ 66 billion in gross for bites and drinks. In the Annual Report. they include the different spirits of their merchandises fashioned to suit the civilizations of the consuming states. PepsiCo presents to investors that they are introducing their merchandises to conform to foreign markets. This entices shareholders to put in PepsiCo because they will be gaining gross all across the Earth. In PepsiCo’s Annual Report indicates their mark market by utilizing images immature consumers in its one-year study. Since PepsiCo is the younger company when compared to equal Coca-Cola. it tries to maintain a vibrant and merriment c haracter to pull the younger coevals. The image the one-year study uses to expose its mark market involves four immature grownups in a field smile and express joying while a few PepsiCo merchandises are grouped in the corner of the image. Soda and french friess are sloping out of the PepsiCo merchandises to organize a circle around the immature grownups. The message this illustration undertakings is that immature grownups are satisfied with PepsiCo when they consume its nutrient and drinks. By demoing immature grownups in the Annual Report. PepsiCo depicts to stockholders that it is a long term investing because the younger coevals are devouring the undertaking and will go on to make so in the hereafter. By utilizing graphs and statistics to expose their billion dollar portfolio. repeating â€Å"global† to emphasize disposition toward globalisation. and picturing the younger coevals as its mark market. PepsiCo’s 2011 Annual Report encourages shareholders to put in their company. PepsiCo utilizes a saloon graph as a ocular scheme which depicted the 22 trade names that were deserving a billion dollars each. It besides reiterated the word â€Å"Global† as a verbal scheme throughout its Annual Report to emphasize it was ready to introduce globally and to pull shareholders as the gross starts coming in from all over the universe. Exemplifying immature consumers is a ocular scheme that gives PepsiCo a younger feel to do them seem like a successful long term investing for shareholders. These three powerful schemes present a one-year study that is easy to read and influential to its intended audience.

Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Example

Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay Home GCSE English English Literature Prose Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times Page 1Zoom in Page 1 2 3 4 5 Next Level: GCSE Subject: English Word count: 3142 Save View my saved documents Submit similar document Share this Hard Times explore several issues from Dickenss point of view on Victorian Society, including education, marriage, industrialisation, the relationship between the middle class and the working class, and how Dickens uses different methods and techniqu Download this essay Print Save GCSE HARD TIMES An extract from this document Hard Times In the novel Hard Times, Dickens reveals the Victorian Society as apathetic, harsh and depressing. Both the environment and characters are shown to be dark, dull and drab. Dickens uses a variety of techniques to show these. I am going to explore several issues from Dickenss point of view on Victorian Society, including education, marriage, industrialisation, the relationship between the middle class and the working class, and how Dickens uses different methods and techniques to present all these. I will refer to chapters one, two, five, eleven and fifteen while discussing all these different aspects. In chapter 2, Murdering the Innocents, the title immediately tells us that someone is going to react in a certain attitude towards someone else. This is an effective way to start the chapter as it gives a hint to the reader about what will happen in the chapter. Dickens is basically trying to show us as the reader how boring and demanding life was at school in Victorian Society in this chapter. He uses phrases like Girl number twenty unable to define a horse! We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction Charles Dickens Hard Times specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And Bitzer, your definition of a horse to show how the pupils were being treated by Mr Gradgrind. Mr Gradgrind is described as dictatorial and square which means that he is a tyrannical person and he likes to order people to do things for him because he thinks he has more power than other people. A good example of this is when Mr Gradgrind talks to Sissy Jupe. He asks her for her name and when she replies, he immediately changes her name for her dont call yourself Sissy, call yourself Cecilia. This shows exactly how strict and harsh time was for the pupils. Dickens has chosen the characters very carefully in this novel like the name Mr Gradgrind it basically means he grinds on and on and on about things just like the way he teaches his students. He created this character because he is wanting us to react in a certain emotion and feeling. A good example of this is when Gradgrind talks to Louisa about the marriage proposal, You have been well trained, you are not impulsive, you are not romantic, you are accustomed to view everything from the strong dispassionate ground of reason and calculation. From that ground alone, I know you will view and consider what I am going to communicate. This tells us how Gradgrind brings up Louisa and how hard life is for her. He always tries to fill the pupils with facts waiting to be filled so full of facts and he also tries to take all their imagination and excitement away. When Bitzer explains the definition of a horse quadruped, graminivorous, forty teeth, namely twenty four grinders, four eye teeth and twelve incisive. Here Dickens is trying to show us how the students are being taught and trained by Mr Gradgrind. They are all brought up with facts, facts and facts and they eventually become not impulsive and with no imagination at all. Dickens totally hates the education policy in Victorian Society; he gives a few examples of showing this. In the first paragraph in chapter 1, Dickens shows straight away that life was a misery for the pupils now what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts! Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else and root out everything else. This is the principle of which I bring up my own children and this is the principle on which I bring up these children. This dialogue from Mr Gradgrind automatically shows that he doesnt like anything apart from facts and that he is trying to make all these pupils including his own children to follow his footsteps, Facts alone I wanted in life is what Mr Gradgrind believes and tells his students. Another point Dickens tries to tell us is that the pupils dont have their own freedom and individuality, they are known as different numbers instead of their name, girl number 20! This suggests to us that they are being trained and looked after like animals in a zoo. The setting Dickens has chosen in this chapter is in a very plain and dull classroom described as, plain, bare, monotonous vault of a school room This is not a good place for education as it is dull, ray of sunlight which, darting in at one of the bare windows of the intensely whitewashed room. Dickens uses all these different techniques to express his views on education. Dickens shows us that Mr Gandgrind is a bit selfish, demanding and aggressive. He only looks at one point and believes he is always right and other people are wrong, with a rule and a pair of scales, ready to weigh and measure any parcel of human nature and tell you exactly what it comes to. Dickens has used this phrase to describe Mr Gradgrind, and it is a very effective phrase because it creates an image in our heads of how demanding he is and how obsessed with facts he is. Mr Gradgrind thinks his way of educating is excellent but really, he is destroying all the students precious lives and his own children as well, he keeps them in a small private study room and never allows them to see the real world. An example of this is when Louisa and Tom goes and visits the circus, peeping at the circus. Dickens is trying to suggest that Louisa and Tom are sick of their lives and they really want to visit the outside world. They have no other friends at all apart from each other and they can not communicate with any other people outside their house or class, I am sick of my life, Loo. I hate it altogether and I hate everybody except you! This shows how dull and boring their lives were and how bad they were brought up by Mr Gradgrind. When Mr Gradgrind finds out that they were in the circus, he was very furious because he thought circuses were foolish things and wasnt anything to do with facts, Thomas and you to whom the circle of the science is open; Thomas and you, who may be said to be replete with facts; Thomas and you, who have been trained to mathematical exactness; Thomas and you here! In this degraded position! Yet, he is still talking about facts when he is telling them to go home! Dickens really puts a picture in the readers mind that Mr Gradgrind is totally obsessed with FACTS and he finds nothing else interesting or entertaining. Because of Gradgrinds obsession with facts, this has leaded on a huge effect on Louisa. When Louisa got older and older, she became more dispassionate. Even when a marriage proposal was being made, she act as though she didnt care about it and marriage was a huge commitment. Dickens shows an interesting point on marriage. He suggests to us that life was unfair for people who got married and wished to get divorced because there were strict laws to punish them and he also shows that marriage wasnt about real love in many cases. Dickens shows this by using phrases like, there is a law to punish me when Stephen Blackpool asks for advice about ending a marriage with Mr Bounderby because he is sick of his wife and he can not stand it anymore, I cannot beart nommore! Blackpool tries very hard to get divorced and he even pays his wife a lot of money to keep her away from him, I ha paid her to keep awa fra me but it never worked because she kept coming back and coming back. Dickens is trying to suggest that there is no love at all in their marriage and that Stephen Blackpool is really suffering from marriage. Another reason why Blackpool wants to get divorced is so that he could marry Rachel instead, he wishes to be free, to marry the female whom he speaks Dickens is showing us how much Stephen Blackpool loves Rachel here. After the conversation between Blackpool and Bounderby, Bounderby could not help him because Stephen needed a lot of money on order to get divorced and Bounderby wouldnt lend him the money. This chapter reveals that Mr Bounderby is a very law abiding citizen and that he wont go out of his way to help other people. Another interesting point that Dickens suggests about marriage is when Mr Gradgrind talks to Louisa about the marriage proposal. When she hears the news from Gradgrind, she had no emotion at all, she never said a word and without any visible emotion. This suggests that she doesnt care who she gets married to even to the person she hates the most, a good example of this is when Mr Bounderby kisses Louisa on the cheek (Chp 4) and when he left, she immediately rubbed her cheeks furiously, you may cut the piece out with your penknife and I wouldnt cry! In this marriage proposal situation, Dickens makes it look more like a contract in Gradgrinds mind rather than a real marriage because the proposal was offered directly to Gradgrind instead of Louisa herself. Dickens is suggesting that the marriage proposal wasnt really about love but more like a question and an answer, the question I have to ask myself is, shall I marry him? That is so, is it not? Dickens is basically showing that he doesnt agree with marriage at all in the Victorians Times because once people got married, they could not be allowed to get divorced regardless of happiness, family problems or even money etc Dickens doesnt agree with many aspects of Industrialisation at all. He uses many examples to show how Industrialisation affects both the people and the environment. He uses techniques like Imagery and Phonic Pattering to create an impression of the environment and Coketown itself. Firstly in Chapter 11, Dickens uses words like crashing, smashing and tearing of mechanism these words really tells the reader what the industry is like because it creates noises in the readers minds (noise of metals being cut into pieces and the machines roaring) Dickens also uses phrases like monstrous serpents of smoke and melancholy mad elephants doing their heavy exercises to create a picture of what the factories were like (full of pollution and tired workers working in blackened factories. He used these metaphors which were very effective to create an even better image, there wasnt really serpents in the sky but he used those words to make it seem as though there was. And when he uses the phrase, mad elephants, polished and oiled up for the days monotony, were at their heavy exercises again he basically is wanting to compare the elephants to the workers as though they were both at hard work and the same old boring routines everyday. Throughout the introduction of Chapter 11, Dickens has mentioned the word monotonous and it basically means extremely boring. He is trying to make the reader feel sorry for the workers because they have to work very hard and they are surrounded by pollution and also in an extremely dull environment. This shows how depressing lifes the working class had. Dickens also tries to make a point about human nature in this chapter because he makes the machine sound as though they were taking over the workers, there were more and more machines and factories being built which would produce a lot more pollution, in the waste yard outside, the steam from the escape pipe, the litter of barrels and old iron, the ashes everywhere. A way that Dickens uses to help him create the impact of Industrialisation is by describing Coketown itself. In chapter 5, he uses the phrase, it was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allow it. This suggests that Coketown was absolutely filled with smoke and that buildings were turning black because of it. This gives us a picture of a very dull town and a very polluted town. Another example Dickens uses to show the town was polluted is by saying, serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever and never got uncoiled. This means that the smoke will never die out and it will last on forever polluting the town. The way Dickens describes Coketown makes it sound extremely tedious, boring and over-filled with waste and pollution. He uses the phrase, large streets all very like on another, small streets still like one another, people like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, to do the same work everyday. This phrase is really effective because it describes the inhabitants of Coketown, all very similar and even the streets and their type of work are the same, this shows how boring lives were for people in the Victorian Times. Dickens shows us that he totally hates the impact of Industrialisation because all the natural things like trees and land were being replaced with factories and buildings. This was terrible because it produced a large amount of waste and pollution and it turned the whole town into a polluted and hard-working town, saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. He is suggesting that the town is only to do with work and facts and nothing else. Dickens also describes the town as savage which means it is unclean and ferocious, black canal and a river that ran purple with ill smelling dye. This also shows how sickening the town was for people. Dickens uses all these different techniques and phrases to express his views on Industrialisation and it really gives a full picture of how the environment looked like and how dull and boring the workers lives were. Dickens also creates a circus in the novel to show that there was some hope for a bit of joy and entertainment for people and it wasnt just about work but this leads straight on to the different classes between people because in Chapter 2, when Sissy describes her fathers job, Mr Gradgrind (middle class) redefines his job straight away, describe your father as a horse breaker. This starts to show that Gradgrind doesnt like the working class people and he doesnt want anyone to mention anything about them at all, we dont want to know anything about that here Another point Dickens uses to suggest that Gradgrind doesnt like the working class is by saying he keeps his own children in a private study room where they get privately educated whereas the other students just get educated in one big hall. Gradgrind does this in order to keep his children away from the lower class students so they dont get influenced, he doesnt allow them to go anywhere at all so its really like a prison. This shows how much Gradgrind hates the working class people. Dickens shows us that Bounderby doesnt like the working class as well as Gradgrind. He uses a number of phrases to show this, firstly, when Bounderby, Gradgrind and Sissy were walking towards the circus, Sissy talks about what her father does in the circus and when she said they bruise themselves very badly, Bounderby immediately replies, serves them right for being idle. This means that Bounderby thinks the working class are useless and act like fools. Another phrase that Bounderby uses to show that he hates the working class is by saying, you see my friend, we are the kind of people who know the value of time and you are the kind of people who dont know the value of time. Bounderby is basically trying to say that he knows a lot more things that the working class and that he is always right and they are always wrong. It also shows that Bounderby thinks he is more important than them because he has more power. A good example of showing Bounderby as a selfish and bossy person is when he talks to Stephen Blackpool. Bounderby considers him to be in a different class to him and this is partly why Bounderby wouldnt lend him the money to get divorced and because of the fact that he is a bit selfish. All of Bounderbys workers follow what he says but Stephen on the other hand follows what he believes is right and this leads on to Stephen being sacked and thrown out of the group. This reveals that Bounderby likes to control people around and he doesnt like the people obeying his orders. A big difference between the working class and the middle class is the way they talk and treated, example, Stephen Blackpool in the working class doesnt speak properly because there are a lot of contractions in his speech, I ha gone t th brigg whereas Gradgrind and Bounderby in the middle class speak very clearly and understandable. Another example of this is when Bounderby talks to Mr Childers in the circus, the people in the circus all have funny names and strange words and Bounderby didnt understand any of it, nine oils, merrylegs, missing tips, garters, banners and ponging, eh He then takes a great and evil laugh at them because he thinks they are fools and they use words that means nothing to him, with his laugh of laughs, queer sort of company. He shows no respect to them at all and this is how Bounderby treats the working class. Dickens uses all these points to show that he is totally against the way the middle class treats the working class all just because they have less power and less wealth. Overall, Dickens reveals that Victorian Society was a very harsh, unfair and depressing society. He shows he absolutely hated the way the education system was set up because it almost destroyed the innocent lives of the students and all their excitement. Dickens also shows that he totally disagrees with the way the middle class treats the working class and he believes that the middle class were selfish and arrogant whereas the working class lived horrible and unfair lives. Dickens hated the entire industry in Victorian Times because it was filled with pollution and workers lives were downtrodden because they had to work in blackened factories and towns. Dickens also shows that he didnt like the laws of marriage because people were suffering from it and they couldnt get divorced because of the laws. Dickens hated all of these aspects and therefore he created the novel Hard Times to go against it all.

Free Essays on Bram Stoker Dracula

1) Bram Stoker is the author of the book we are currently reading called Dracula. 2) This story is set in two different locations. The first location is in Transylvania and is the home of Dracula. It is where his family has maintained power for quite some time and Dracula wants to restore that power to its height. The setting is of one in the country and is an excellent setting to place the beginning of the story. I believe this would work in any far off destination as long as it is located away from the major populace. It is important for us to see the seclusion of Jonathon and how he becomes trapped in a place where Dracula lives. It is also necessary to have this location because it is a good location for the ending of the story where Dracula tries to return too. If the ending happens in a major city, it loses some of its panache by being in a place where there are many people and there is no real seclusion. The second part of the story is located in England and this too is an important place because it creates an atmosphere where there are many people but yet they are unable to do anything about what is going on in their city. It shows a weakness in a modern town that cannot stop something from an ancient time. It shows the weakness in a modern city to accept that which does not follow the scientific idea and they cannot adapt too. 3) One of the many characters in the story is of course Count Dracula himself. He is a man without a soul and has many immortal qualities. He does have weaknesses though so this makes him more than a man but less than a god. He comes from a line of Dracula and has the ability to change personalities depending on his needs. He can seduce men and women to do his bidding and can yet turn into the most demonic fiend known to man without feelings. This is evident when he offers a baby to the three women who stay with him. His action is motivated by his need for blood and his need to sustain h... Free Essays on Bram Stoker Dracula Free Essays on Bram Stoker Dracula 1) Bram Stoker is the author of the book we are currently reading called Dracula. 2) This story is set in two different locations. The first location is in Transylvania and is the home of Dracula. It is where his family has maintained power for quite some time and Dracula wants to restore that power to its height. The setting is of one in the country and is an excellent setting to place the beginning of the story. I believe this would work in any far off destination as long as it is located away from the major populace. It is important for us to see the seclusion of Jonathon and how he becomes trapped in a place where Dracula lives. It is also necessary to have this location because it is a good location for the ending of the story where Dracula tries to return too. If the ending happens in a major city, it loses some of its panache by being in a place where there are many people and there is no real seclusion. The second part of the story is located in England and this too is an important place because it creates an atmosphere where there are many people but yet they are unable to do anything about what is going on in their city. It shows a weakness in a modern town that cannot stop something from an ancient time. It shows the weakness in a modern city to accept that which does not follow the scientific idea and they cannot adapt too. 3) One of the many characters in the story is of course Count Dracula himself. He is a man without a soul and has many immortal qualities. He does have weaknesses though so this makes him more than a man but less than a god. He comes from a line of Dracula and has the ability to change personalities depending on his needs. He can seduce men and women to do his bidding and can yet turn into the most demonic fiend known to man without feelings. This is evident when he offers a baby to the three women who stay with him. His action is motivated by his need for blood and his need to sustain h...

Telecommunications Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Telecommunications Industry - Essay Example Popular link protocols for local area networks (LANs) appeared in the 1970s. AT&T was the first biggest telecommunications company. In 1913, AT&T committed to dispose its telegraph stock. The Telecommunication Act of 1996 changed the regulation and opened the market for competition. AT&T continued to act as the leader, establishing standards for others to follow. In 2000s, the telecommunication industry saw a lot of mergers and reorganizations. Bell Atlantic and GTE combined to form Verizon. Lucent Technologies hived off its enterprise solution group into a new company. Cisco, Nortel Networks, and DSL started making names in voice and data communications and the Internet business. The telecommunications industry is growing at a fast pace. New technology is bringing in new opportunities, and telecommunication companies are catching up fast. The convergence of the computer, Internet, and cellular phones, along with the increased access options through fiber optic, wireless, satellite, and DSL is leading to a continuously connected global community. Information exchange takes place with the push of a button, and the most remote locations are now accessible through the satellite or cellular. This high speed growth is creating new companies, which are further getting merged into the major telecom entities. Some of the large Some of the largest international telecommunications companies known for innovative technology and products are AT&T, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, NTT, SBC Communications, Verizon Communications, Vodafone, and WorldCom. Venture Capital and Start-up Financing Activities Venture Capital (VC) investment is when a third party takes equity in a company. A strong, self-sustaining, and vibrant VC industry is a critical factor to create an enterprise culture in which emerging entrepreneurs get encouragement to take risks and build successful businesses. Private sector funding is crucial to enable government policies. Venture capitalists have always backed the high potential telecommunications business. The top VCs, as listed in Forbes.com include Promod Haque (Norwest Venture Partners), Vinod Khosla and Tom Perkins (Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers), David Strohm (Greylock), Lawrence Sonsini (Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati), and Paul Chamberlain (Morgan Stanley). One of the most successful VC backed start up company would be Cisco Systems (Mayer and Kenney 2004). Industry Statistics The VC industry plays a major role in the U.S. economy. In 2007, USA saw a VC investment of $29.4 billion in 3,813 deals. The investment in telecommunication industry stood at $2.1 billion dollars from 290 deals, though it decreased from $2.6 billion (301 deals) in 2006. As against this, the Life Sciences sector (Biotechnology and Medical Device industries together) received a VC investment of $9.1 billion in 2007 (862 deals). Software investing was flat at $5.3 billion in 905 deals. Internet-specific companies got $4.6 billion from 748