Psychoanalysis of the Joker Character Essay Example

Psychoanalysis of the Joker Character Paper Joker Character Analysis The Dark Knight is a 2008 film based on the Dc Comics character Batman and his struggle and journey in combating the most demented villain ever, The Joker. The Joker is a psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy. Due to The Joker’s insane nature, it is appropriate to use Dr. Sigmund Freud’s method of Psychoanalysis to better understand why The Joker is the way he is. What is psychoanalysis? Psychoanalysis is a form of treatment invented by Sigmund Freud that usually focuses on the early years of the patient’s life and his/her relationship with immediate family members. A wise man once said, â€Å"There are four questions that every good student of psychology will ask about a personality theory. The first question regards the structure of the theory (Psychoanalysis of The Joker). Freud said that the mind is divided into conscious and unconscious elements. The unconscious contains all the repressed aspects of our personality. Although repressed, they continue to influence our behavior. According to Freud personality is divided into three components the id, the super ego, and the ego. Freud’s psychosexual stages and the Oedipus complex also affect our personality. â€Å"The Joker is a pathological liar, with reactive attachment issues, scars he credits to either childhood abuse or self-mutilation (he contradicts himself in the movie) and presents with suicidal ideation† (Psychoanalysis of The Joker). To apply Freud’s theory of structure to The Joker, we must look at The Joker’s id, ego, and superego. The Joker relies only on his id, which is our instinctual needs, and/or drives. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalysis of the Joker Character specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalysis of the Joker Character specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalysis of the Joker Character specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In one scene in the movie while Batman’s motorcycle is speeding directly to him The Joker actually walks toward him mumbling things like, â€Å"Do it! † and â€Å"hit me! † Clearly The Joker is missing a superego, which is ones conscience. In the move The Joker teases society and says they’re hypocritical and phony. â€Å"Sure, they’re all civilized when things go â€Å"according to plan†, says the Joker, but as soon as things go wrong, everyone panics and shows who they really are† (The Dark Knight). In this quote from the movie The Joker is basically mocking everyone else for having a superego. Twice in the movie the Joker explains how he got his scars. He first says that his father was an abusive drunk that asked his son â€Å"why so serious? † and proceeded to cut The Joker’s face. He said that he hated his father. When Freud says that the superego is based on the authority of the father, the Joker’s reactive attachment to his father would explain why he did not develop societal norms (Psychoanalysis of The Joker). It seems as though from an early age The Joker let his id control his personality and with a broken ego he experiences a detachment from reality. The second question is the motivation. What would motivate someone to kill innocent people without thinking twice? The id is a primitive native to seek pleasure (Id,ego,and superego). â€Å"Some men just like to watch the world burn† (The Dark Knight) says Alfred to Bruce Wayne after he is thinking of The Joker’s motivation. The Joker has a hatred for society. Freud will definitely notice all of The Joker’s defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are the process by which the contents of our unconscious are kept in the unconscious (Tyson). The Joker experiences almost all of them in The Dark Knight. He experiences denial when someone calls him crazy, and he right away repeats to him self â€Å"No! No I’m not! † (The Dark Knight). The Joker also uses selective memory when describing how he got his scars. Freud may say the Jokers hatred of society is a projection because he really hates himself. He may also explore possible displacement of The Joker’s hatred of his own father onto all forms of authority. The third question is can the personality change over time. According to Freud personality development is to be seen as psychosexual stages (Hergenhahn). In The Dark Knight The Joker’s constant twitching and licking of his lips are both evidence of an oral fixation. Freud would probably diagnose The Joker as an oral –sadistic character (Hergenhahn), and would want to speak with his mother to see what happened to him during the oral stage, which are the first years of life. In the second narration of the origins of his scars, The Joker tells Rachel that he once had a wife that was cut up by mobsters and that in an effort to make her feel better, he carves his own face and was devastated when she leaves him. If we believe this version of the story, then his anger from his father is compounded when he is rejected by his wife (Psychoanalysis of The Joker). This is again an example of selective memory, a defense mechanism. The fourth question asks why there are differences between The Joker and the rest of us. Freud would argue that different people develop in differing environments and had different childhood experiences† (Psychoanalysis of The Joker). The reason The Joker is different from all of us is his complicated past. Due to unknown childhood experiences, he never developed a superego. Due to The Joker’s traumatic conflicts that he was unable to resolve in a health manner, my diagnostics on the Joker’s psyche using Freud’s psychoanalysis, is that he is an oral-sadistic neurotic who did not develop a superego. Because he did not develop a superego he became the hilarious killing clown that we can’t get enough of.

Re-sensitizing Our Youth essays

Re-sensitizing Our Youth essays Stakes are high. The audience is restless. The thunderous echo of a motorcycle engine fills the arena as The Undertaker approaches the ring, ready to take on his worthy opponent. As boisterous cheers fill the room, he lifts his challenger by the neck with both hands and furiously throws him to the ground leaving his rival seemingly disoriented and writhing in agony. The crowd goes wild with exhilaration while some- where in America an eight-year-old boy, Aaron Auffhammer, is injured on the playground as a result of a classmates attempt to mimic a wrestling maneuver commonly seen on television. The maneuver known as The Tombstone was made famous by The Undertaker. Someone tripped him. While he was trying to get up, another child picked Aaron up by his feet so that he was upside down. Then slammed his head on to the ground. Thankfully, between a doctors visit to rule out a concussion and close observations from his parents, Aaron recovered. According to the American Psychological Asso ciation website (www.apa.org) it is estimated that American children watch on average three to four hours of television daily. During this time they have witnessed over 25 acts of violence. By the time the children are twelve-year -old they will have witnessed over 100,000 acts of violence. Two hundred thousand acts by the time they are 18. Violence permeates American homes through a variety of television programming including sitcoms, commercials, and even cartoons. Violence on television is not the only source that is desensitizing American youth it is however, a significant contribution. It is societys responsibility to help re-sensitize our children and make television less violent for all. Government is an immediate thought when it comes to rectifying the situation. The government unlike other sources has the ability to regulate through the Federal Communication Commission (FCC), what is broadca...

Miles Davis and Kind of Blue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Miles Davis and Kind of Blue - Essay Example This "Miles Davis and Kind of Blue" describes the career of Miles Davis, his contribution in jazz music and his album "Kind of Blue". The album in focus, Kind of Blue, was first released in 1959. The importance of this album lies apart from the importance of the innovations that it brought into the field of jazz, in the fact that it is the highest selling jazz album of all time. Its historical importance can be gauged from this fact itself. This album is unique as a result of the revolutionary impact of the chord changes that it effected in the structure of the jazz song. The melody of the song was earlier created through a structure that would be written earlier. However, with the introduction of modal jazz that was not exactly a Davis innovation, there was considerable scope for innovation as the melody was created through changes in the modes of the scale rather than the changes in chords. The dependence on chord was changed in a massive way when it came to Kind of Blue. This is t he reason as to why Davis is considered one of the greatest innovators of the genre. The technique of improvisation was built into the very structure of the composition and melody whereby the progression of the song could then happen through a process of improvisation on the part of the singer. Brought about by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker, this revolution was brought to its logical conclusion by Miles Davis through Kind of Blue, his greatest album (Kaplan). One of the main genres of the twentieth century as far as music is concerned, is jazz. ... This album is unique as a result of the revolutionary impact of the chord changes that it effected in the structure of the jazz song. The melody of the song was earlier created through a structure that would be written earlier. However, with the introduction of modal jazz that was not exactly a Davis innovation, there was considerable scope for innovation as the melody was created through changes in the modes of the scale rather than the changes in chords. The dependence on chord was changed in a massive way when it came to Kind of Blue. This is the reason as to why Davis is considered one of the greatest innovators of the genre. The technique of improvisation was built into the very structure of the composition and melody whereby the progression of the song could then happen through a process of improvisation on the part of the singer. Brought about by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker, this revolution was brought to its logical conclusion by Miles Davis through Kind of Blue, his g reatest album (Kaplan). One of the main genres of the twentieth century as far as music is concerned, is jazz. Apart from the innovations that it introduced into other forms of music, it is also significant for its political importance as a genre that represented the aspirations and cultures of African American communities. The genre provided a voice to several people over the ages, voices that had been marginalized in the schemes of things as they existed earlier. The importance of jazz also lies in the way in which it was used to talk of certain issues that failed to be highlighted earlier as a result of the lack of an appropriate form of music or art. The emergence of jazz gave Black musicians an outlet through its freewheeling style that did not impose any

Real Choices at True Religion Jeans Research Paper

Real Choices at True Religion Jeans - Research Paper Example Denim is a huge industry with a very few entry barriers but an extensive and aggressive competition exists within the industry. An effective strategy is built on the basis of real choices and the SWOT analysis. True religion jeans have used a combination of both and have achieved success over the years. True Religion Jeans entered the market in 2002 and faced enormous competition. It used its strengths to establish itself and is now a well-known brand. It not only made the best use of the opportunities that were available, but instead created new opportunities for the brand. True Religion Jeans is a luxury brand and charges a high premium for the products that it sells. It has a strong brand image of quality and class. The strength of True Religion Jeans lies in its differentiation point. What is delivered to its customers is something totally different from the other competing brands. At True religion Jeans stress is laid upon the classic style which follows the theme of Bohemian life and style. It has played along the lines and has used this different style as its strength. Not only this, but the brand guarantees a best fit to its customers. True religion jeans target the high-end consumer, but still provide with a lifetime guarantee of its products and in case of a malfunction provide its customers with a replacement policy. Customers do not hesitate in paying a high premium for a pair of jeans from True religion because they know that the brand is providing them with value for money (Temperino 2010). One of the strengths of this brand is that it is present globally across different countries. They have developed their own retail stores for a direct consumer contact. First the brand used to sell through other distributors but now the company has opened several retail stores in USA. These stores provide the customers with the whole range of its products. The product is manufactured in USA and the company has not outsourced any of its operations. The design team at True Religion Jeans comprises of 26 members who constantly work according to the changes in consumer demand and environment. Currently the brand is targeting the celebrities as they are the ones who would be most attracted to the new fashion. True Religion Jeans targets a niche market and this can be counted as a weakness for the company. They are getting all their profits from the small group of high-end consumers. To overcome this weakness the company can come up with a product which is targeted towards the mass market. Another weakness is that True religion faces in tense completion from the competing brands and most of this competition comes from the brands that have the backing of some large corporations. The company of True religion Jeans is not backed up by any such large corporation which means that it has limited resources as compared to its competitors. The greatest opportunity that True religion Jeans has is that it can expand into the global market. It can find new markets to penetrate and can target new customers. True Religion Jeans has expanded its product line and has the opportunity to expand it further. This opportunity can turn into success because the brand name will be associated with any product that it decides to produce and in marketing brand name is what sells. So far expansion of its product line has been successful. It started in 2002, and now it is expanding at a relentless pace. This expansion is a possible threat for the firm itself. True Religion Jeans has the risk of saturating the market if it keeps on expanding at the same pace. (University of Oregan Investment Group 2010) True Religion is a brand which faces a problem in the near future because the brand is

Continuing Differences Between US Essay Example for Free

Continuing Differences Between US Essay U. S. GAAP IFRS Convergence In January 2008, the U. S. SEC issued a final rule that adopted rules that allowed non U. S. -based issuers financial statements in accordance with the IRRS, as issued by IASB, without the need to reconcile with the U. S. GAAP (SEC, pp. 20, 2008). In its ruling, the SEC acknowledged that the convergence efforts between the IFRS and U. S. GAAP have made progress in eliminating many disparities. The SEC acknowledged that its prior complaints on lack of information or disclosure by foreign issuers on certain areas, and the manner of presentation of their financial statements have been resolved by the convergence efforts. The SEC, however, recognize that a number of difference still exist, with some accounting subjects that the IFRS has yet to fully address ( SEC, pp. 20, 1998). Continuing Differences Between US GAAP and IFRS According to the SEC, due to their sources, U. S. GAAP and IFRS will continue to have differences regardless of their convergence. The SEC said that these include (i) the effects of mergers, combinations and other legacy transactions that happened when the convergence was still initiated, and (ii) those arising as a result of accounting elections (for example, hedge accounting) that foreign issuers make under those standards (SEC, pp. 21, 2008). The International Accounting Standards Board in its 2005 report said that certain divergence issues has to be addressed in the long-term. These include (i) classification of debts on refinancing or default under credit agreements, (ii) differences in financial instruments accounting, (iii) post-employment benefits, and (iv) long-lived assets impairment and borrowing costs capitalization. AIFRS/Australian GAAP PricewaterhouseCoopers reviewed the the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and gave recommendations to the Australian Accounting Standards Board. PwC pointed to divergences between Australian Standards (AIFRS) and IFRS: According to PWC, the implementation of AIRFS is expect to improve corporate governance and financial reporting in Australia. Ernst Young Report Ernst Young said the IRS differ significantly from those principles in use. Among other things, the IRS protocol on business combinations compel recognition of more intangible assets to be valued an recognized than practiced in local accounting rules. EY said that the IFRS will help companies improve their internal control as it requires more extensive reporting procedures, and will require greater transparency among firms as a common financial standard will be used. EY said in its report that the conversion to IFRS has a substantial impact on financial reporting which requires management and personnel to focus on improving strategy because: * financial statements presentation has been modified * measurement of assets and debts may result in increase in earnings and volatility in equity. * additional disclosures would be required. REFERENCES Final Rule: Acceptance From Foreign Private Issuers of Financial. January 9, 2008. Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www. sec. gov/rules/final/2007/33-8879. pdf International Convergence status. 15 June 2008. International Accounting Standards Board. http://72. 3. 243. 42/fasac/06-21-05_intl. pdf Padoa-Scioppa. 19 May 2006. Financial Times. retrieved 13 Aug. 2008. http://www. iasb. org/News/Announcements+and+Speeches/Work+on+converging+accounting+standards+must+go+on. htm PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 28 Jan. 2005. Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. http://www. aph. gov. au/SENATE/committee/corporations_ctte/completed_inquiries/2004-07/aas/submissions/sub22. pdf

World War One the most Important cause of the March Revolution :: WWI WW1

Was World War One the most Important cause of the March Revolution? Nicholas II the eldest son of Alexander III and the Tsar of Russia was born at Krasnoye Selo in May 1868. Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. Nicholas II signed his abdication on 15 March 1917 after the Russian Army High Command recommended it. There are many reasons why Nicholas abdicated including, the financial state of the country, its wide and varied population and their dissatisfaction with the way the country was being ruled. As Russia was already in a weak state and the people had been suffering for many years, the First World War proved the last straw for the Russian people and whilst was possibly not the most important cause was certainly the trigger or catalyst for the March Revolution and Nicholas’ abdication. When The Russian army entered WWI they were huge but poorly led and very badly equipped, there were not enough guns for everyone. They just had lost the war with Japan so heavy casualties meant loss of morale and spirit yet they were expected to go into war again. To make up for the losses in Japan they had to recruit peasants for their army. In a backward country with little money there would have been no chance to train the peasants to be effective soldiers. Their equipment and method of fighting was also no match for the German Army. The Russian’s were trained in charging at the enemy with bayonets, the German troops had machine guns. As a result of this, whilst the Russians were defending the German attack on Poland, half their army was destroyed. Going into a war with such little chance of winning, did nothing to make the Russian people respect Nicholas. The decision that Tsar Nicholas II took in August 1915, to take over the command of the Army, lead to further problems. Being so closely linked to the Army’s failure in the WWI meant even The Duma began to loose faith in his abilities to run the country. Also, while he was away, he left his wife, Alexandra, and Rasputin, a monk who had physic powers who knew when Nicholas’ son was in trouble, to run the country. This was a bad decision Nicholas made because they constantly sacked Ministers and allowed the transport and food problems to descend into crisis. Also Alexandra was half German, when she took charge rumors spread suggesting that she was a German spy. World War One the most Important cause of the March Revolution :: WWI WW1 Was World War One the most Important cause of the March Revolution? Nicholas II the eldest son of Alexander III and the Tsar of Russia was born at Krasnoye Selo in May 1868. Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. Nicholas II signed his abdication on 15 March 1917 after the Russian Army High Command recommended it. There are many reasons why Nicholas abdicated including, the financial state of the country, its wide and varied population and their dissatisfaction with the way the country was being ruled. As Russia was already in a weak state and the people had been suffering for many years, the First World War proved the last straw for the Russian people and whilst was possibly not the most important cause was certainly the trigger or catalyst for the March Revolution and Nicholas’ abdication. When The Russian army entered WWI they were huge but poorly led and very badly equipped, there were not enough guns for everyone. They just had lost the war with Japan so heavy casualties meant loss of morale and spirit yet they were expected to go into war again. To make up for the losses in Japan they had to recruit peasants for their army. In a backward country with little money there would have been no chance to train the peasants to be effective soldiers. Their equipment and method of fighting was also no match for the German Army. The Russian’s were trained in charging at the enemy with bayonets, the German troops had machine guns. As a result of this, whilst the Russians were defending the German attack on Poland, half their army was destroyed. Going into a war with such little chance of winning, did nothing to make the Russian people respect Nicholas. The decision that Tsar Nicholas II took in August 1915, to take over the command of the Army, lead to further problems. Being so closely linked to the Army’s failure in the WWI meant even The Duma began to loose faith in his abilities to run the country. Also, while he was away, he left his wife, Alexandra, and Rasputin, a monk who had physic powers who knew when Nicholas’ son was in trouble, to run the country. This was a bad decision Nicholas made because they constantly sacked Ministers and allowed the transport and food problems to descend into crisis. Also Alexandra was half German, when she took charge rumors spread suggesting that she was a German spy.

“Motivation: Main Key of Public Service?”

Since their first day on earth humans have been running after happiness in form of one or the other, though happiness   is something that eludes anyone who chases it, and instead, evolves out of one's actions. Such characteristic of happiness was once nicely described by Allen K. Chalmers's words – â€Å"The grand essentials of happiness are, something to do, someone to love and something to hope for.† A package of actions like that actually   brought forth the idea of motivation – the charger of mind that would keep one inspired to fulfill one's mission. To make things better, the wise humans have even created many sets of do-s and don'ts to maintain a consistent streak of motivation. Those sets have tremendous utility value to maintain balance and consistency in decision-making and action-taking. Over the years, social scientists have improvised   those sets and subset of ideas to further establish the cohesion of thought and action, the ideal approach for any individual or an institution to achieve any undertaken mission. Thus this paper focuses on some of the essential elements of organized behavior like Motivation, Goal Setting and Reward System, before coming to its own conclusion and indicating about its future implication in the field of child protective service. What is Motivation? a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior; c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. (Huitt, 2001). Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that propels humans or any other organism to act – be it for survival, or to develop, in this regard, even inaction can also be counted as the product of motivation – especially when humans engage themselves in deep thinking or meditation. Motivation is that persuasive force which the living beings cannot do without. According to modern management guru Shiv Khera (p. 112), motivation is â€Å"a drive that encourages action or feeling. Motivation can also mean igniting the spark for action. It is powerful. It can persuade, convince and propel you into action. In other words, motivation can be defined as motive for action. It is a force that can literally change your life† (Khera, 2004). The definition above might generate a few questions – if motivation is something like an automated process; why then people need to be motivated?   or, if motivation process is already active, then what is the logic behind attempting to activate it further? While it is right that motivation guides every action, yet the degree of its intensity determines the level of achievement. One easy example of that is the difference between humans and animals – while the animals' achievements are limited in leading only a fuller life, humans lead a multi-dimensional life that is packed with uncountable actions in addition to the actions for living. Thus motivation converts itself to a primitive urge to survive when it deals with basics like existence, and it works like the guiding light on aesthetics, emotional or esoteric plane of existence. According to Paul Hanna, every individual has many kind of goals spread out at various levels of his/her existence, and to achieve each of those goals s/he needs to utilize the power of mind and the force of body. In such circumstance motivation could be the only catalyst to synchronize the body and mind of that individual. Here the synchronization of body and mind covers more than the plain eye meets – where motivation enables one to heighten the intensity of emotion and passion to achieve the goal, besides helping to create clear mental pictures of the goal and the roadmap to reach there (Hanna, 2001). Now if one considers about how many instances of such goals a human has to achieve in a single day, the importance of motivation would come clear to one. Humans' world of desires is far more spread than any other creatures of earth, and therefore they need an uninterrupted supply of motivation to accomplish their missions. And what is a desire, anyway? Desire is a some kind of dream which people want to unearth through action. For that much needed action, humans need an intense urge to bring it to perfection. Motivation provides that intense urge with its persuasive force, as for example, auto-suggestion.   â€Å"In the forming of that intense urge,† Shiv Khera says, â€Å"auto-suggestion is a statement made in the present tense, of the kind of person you want to be (Khera, 2004). Motivation thus, an element which conditions a humans to achieve their cherished goals. Reason for Choosing this Topic In this era of fierce competition in every sphere of life humans need to remain motivated to perform their tasks smoothly, to block the stress and to create space for thinking about future development. This more applicable when it comes to public service or on behalf any non-profit organization, where motivation could be the only guiding force to inspire one to stick to social cause and not to opt for other services for personal gain. Therefore this topic has been chosen to spread more awareness regarding the potential of motivation and it's impact on humans. How Motivation Works Motivation creates a power-packed belief about achieving success and creates a make-believe condition where the possibility of the success seems as a reality. There are many ways to motivate the self, but the easiest way to be motivated is to repeat the belief time and again, just like hammering the idea again and again to get it registered in the subconscious mind. The reason behind such act is that, subconscious mind is considered to be a skeptic taskmaster who simply works on and on with whatever assigned to it! It is for this reason Dr. Joseph Murphy, writes in his book, ‘The Power of Your Subconscious Mind' (65), â€Å"Belief is a thought in your mind that causes the power of your subconscious to be distributed into all phases of your life.† While it is true that practice of self-motivation could be a tough task for someone initially, as it might take time to generate a belief in the abilities of the subconscious mind. Yet, the enormous potential of subconscious mind is now widely accepted and one can easily check that with the wise sayings or from the success stories of many. If motivation is something like a train raring to move out from the platform, what could be the shortest possible roadmap between the starting point and the destination? With this question one discovers the importance of   ‘Goal- Setting' a vital task for a person utilize the power of motivation. However motivated one becomes, in the absence of a roadmap, that power will be a sheer waste – as the old adage goes – an aimless life is like a rudderless ship in the sea without any fixed destination. Goal and Goal-setting Goal-setting enables one to march ahead with confidence and brings in joy and cheer through fulfilling a mission in the shortest possible time. Situations shape like that, because the process of goal-setting imbibes the sense of purpose in any action, and thereby justifies it wholeheartedly. Human life has many sets of goals bundled within one big goal like happiness or contentment – thus it can easily be understood that if one wants to achieve the main goal, one has to obtain the goals within it. But is it possible to achieve every goal of life? Certainly not. If it is so, then are the humans destined to miss the happiness? Certainly not, because it is the attitude towards accomplishing the goal that brings in satisfaction, which counts more on the devotion of one's inner beings rather than the external conditions, which might not always be conducive to achieve the goal. To clear the confusion in this regard, the sages have provided a solution, where they created a sub set of goals within the main goal of happiness, which usually covers the six areas of human life. And they are: 1. Family : To achieve harmony and prosperity. 2. Finance : To achieve source of sustenance and development and freedom of movement. 3. Physical and mental health : To achieve healthy body and a sound mind. 4. Social responsibility : To achieve good understanding with the world around by mutual exchange of good vibes and necessities. 5. Spiritual standing : To achieve the understanding about the greater world and its association with self. There are many explanations available about these areas – however, all are varied or extended interpretation of one single idea – to be happy with one's endeavor in life. Thus, it is easily understood that goal-setting is that coveted road-map or the action-plan which not only helps to achieve the goals, but also adds purpose in the actions. In other words, goal-setting is a multifarious instrument which encompasses all individual as well as collective goals, all the while acting as a helper to determine the feasibility of a goal, as well as a provider of suggestion of an alternative plan (John, 2007). Reward System Reward system is something that is based on the effect of appreciation and recognition on the humans. It caters to the emotional need of humans, which in turn motivates them. In today's world, when every people are stretched with competition the need for emotional support is being felt more than ever. â€Å"Every behavior comes out of ‘pain and gain' principle†, says Shiv Khera (p110), while emphasizing on the fact that if the pain is greater than the gain, then that would be a deterrent to smooth action. If the gain is greater than the pain, that is a motivator. (Khera, pp110) There can be many types of gains, ranging from money, vacations or gifts to medallions, or even they can be intangible too – recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, accomplishment, and belief are the examples of such gains, which comes more from selfless public service. Reward system separates the elements of motivation into two categories, external and internal. In the first category it lists items like money, societal fame, approval, or fear, while in the second, it keeps factors like â€Å"pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief†. It values the fact that inner motivation is actually the inner gratification that might not always depends on the material success – it is an innate desire to feel content with an accomplishment, rather than just achieving a goal (Khera, 2004). This is very important issue in the sphere of public service. The elements like praise, love and faith can rise anytime as the most important element of motivation under a specific environment, they can be instrumental to boost one's self esteem, or to build a strong conviction to march ahead towards one's cherished goal. Inner motivation factors are bound to be more powerful than the outer ones. CONCLUSION From the above discussion it becomes clear that motivation, goal setting and reward system together form the way towards, the ultimate goal, and all three of them are entwined and can even be flexible in their order of appearance. Primary motivation (to succeed in life) helps to goal setting – which then can check and filter the mission before breaking them into easy steps. Next, reward system inspires a person towards accomplishing the mission. However, in all its form, motivation is extremely powerful and an invaluable tool to succeed in life. It persuades, convinces and propels one into action and therefore, it is an invaluable tool to motivate oneself and others in public service or in non-profit organizations. Application of Motivation in Chosen Mission Since I'm planning to work as child protective service worker in charge of four co-workers, I can utilize the power of motivation at every level of its functioning, where goal-setting can help us in formulating our schedules in three steps – long-term, mid-term and short-term, while reward system can take clue from the history of civilization that records innumerable selfless human endeavors to achieve happiness for the society. For the greater application of motivation we would use factors like pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief in oneself, besides practicing auto-suggestion technique and covering all areas of life that one has to deal in life. This way we would keep our spirit fresh to devote ourselves in public service. A Brief Overview of How Motivation can be Applied into My Workplace References Carnegie, D. (1999). â€Å"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living†. Dale Carnegie ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Associates Inc. Hanna, P. (2001). â€Å"Believe and Achieve†. Penguin Books, 2001. Huitt, W. (2001). â€Å"Motivation to learn: An Overview†. Educational Psychology    Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 12 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html Khera, S. (2004). â€Å"You Can Win†. Macmillan India, 2004 Murphy, J. (2001). â€Å"The Power of Your Subconscious Mind†. Bantam Books, January   Ã‚   2001 â€Å"Motivation†. Retrieved 10 April 2008.   http://www.d.umn.edu/kmc/student/loon/acad/strat/motivate.html â€Å"Motivation & Leadership†. (1997). Retrieved 10 April 2008. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadmot.html â€Å"Seven Rules of Motivation†. (2000). Retrieved 11 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/ elements/seven_rules.htm Information Technology and Management. â€Å"What is Motivation?† Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://opax.swin.edu.au/~388226/howto/it2/motiv1.htm John. (2007). â€Å"Increase Self Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/21-proven-motivation-tactics/ Webb, B. (2000). â€Å"Elements of Motivation. Motivational-Tool†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/elements/ database. Weller, M. (2005). â€Å"General Principles of Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/ motivate.htm ; ; ; ; ; ;